By applying a variety of external stimuli, such as solvent polarity, light exposure, mechanical/thermal stimulation and humidity, the emitted colors can be effectively regulated, which also provides an environmentally friendly method for organic modules to prepare luminescent materials in aqueous media ( Zhu et al., 2013 Wei et al., 2016 Cheng et al., 2017 Fang et al., 2017). Compared with physical mixing and covalent bonding, the luminescent materials based on self-assembly have the advantages of modularization, simple synthesis and adjustable properties, so they have a broad application prospect ( Wang et al., 2019 Li L. Among all kinds of luminescent materials, white luminescent materials are particularly valued because they are key components in various display and lighting applications ( Aizawa et al., 2014 Sun et al., 2018). At present, the main strategy for the construction of luminescent materials is physical mixing or covalently linking complementary chromophores to achieve appropriate color mixing balance ( Park et al., 2009 Peng et al., 2021). In recent years, highly efficient photoluminescent materials with tunable multicolor luminescence properties have been widely applied in biological imaging and sensing ( Yang et al., 2013 Guo et al., 2020a Zhao et al., 2021 Wang et al., 2022a), anti-counterfeiting ( Yu et al., 2020 Yang et al., 2021), light-emitting diodes ( Fung et al., 2016), molecular switches and logic gates ( Erbas-Cakmak et al., 2018).
More interestingly, when pillararene (P5) was added to form host-guest complex with TPPA, white light emission could be successfully constructed when the ratio of TPPA to P5 was 1:20 and THF to water was 19:1. However, with the increase of water ratio, the fluorescence intensity decreased accompany with red shift, and the self-assembly morphology changed from nanoparticles to fibers. It was found that TPPA formed nanoparticles by self-assembly in organic solvent (THF or DMSO), accompanied by strong fluorescence emission. In this study, we designed and synthesized a thiophene-based α-cyanostyrene-derivative (TPPA), then investigate its self-assembly morphology and fluorescence emission under different organic solvents, different proportions of H 2O/THF (DMSO) mixture and different pH conditions by UV, FL and SEM images. The fabrication of luminescent materials with adjustable emission color by self-assembly of π-conjugated molecules has attracted particular attention. Photoluminescence materials have been widely applied in biological imaging and sensing, anti-counterfeiting, light-emitting diodes, logic gates et al. 3Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.2School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, China.1School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China.
Haibo Zhong 1,2, Liang Li 1*, Shajun Zhu 3* and Yang Wang 2*
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